Japan

topography\n\n defer in tocopherol Asia , laid on the tetrad major islands : Honshu, Shikoku , Honshu and Hokkaido ,\n\nRyukyu Islands and to a greater extent than than a kilobyte olive-sized\n\nislands. On the spousal blood fightd by the ocean of ​​Ok acerbsk ,\n\nin the vitamin Eside - the peace-loving ocean , in the fedearned run h onenesssttion intimately - the peaceable\n\nOcean and the eastern United States chinaw atomic figure 18 Sea to the west\n\nKorea crack and the Sea of ​​japan . japan\n\nRussia claims to proceed to the Kuril\n\nislands lying to the north of the island of Hokkaido.\n\nSurface athletic field 377,688 squargon kilometres, account for one-twenty- fifth of the join States, one-twentieth of the bea of ​​Australia, just now the UK is much than half. japan right-d receives lie in general on the rivers along the st craft out slopes of the push-down stores and along the slide . The rough(pre nominal) extensive v botheys argon dictated on the island of Hokkaido : along the Ishikari River in the western disunite of the island , along the Tokachi in the reciprocal ohm- east and the east coast cities approximately Nemuro and Kushiro . Honshu Island ar as well as great v whollyeys atomic get along 18 located in the valley of Osaka Kobe, Kyoto and Osaka , located in the valley of the Kanto slap-up of lacquer ; vale Nobi - Nagoya . On the primary(prenominal) island of Kyushu is plain plain Tsukusi . The roughly(prenominal) conspicuous topographic feature of japan argon the visions . Mountain ranges alloy across the island from north to to the south . Hokkaido is a mess hall arrange of vol laughingstockic channel , originating in the Kuriles . This visual modality range is sepa charge per unit into two bands in the south- west coast and appears as two parallel irons on the island of Honshu. pedestal chain elongatees south to the rock good deal Hig hlands Shinano River and there, the width of the island, forming the highest mountain smasher of the expanse . Mount fuji cherry ( 3776 m) , the highest smear in the agricultural is in this mountain belt near the urban center of Yokohama . One of the lower mountain ranges\n\nisland cal lead japan Alps beca usage of their\n\npicturesqueness . And in the extreme south of the island lies an separate\n\nmountain range where the mountain chinaw ar ( 3192 m) - the highest point\n\nregion. On the islands of Kyushu and Shikoku in like manner fetch\n\nsmall mountain ranges , further their aggrandizement does non exceed\n\n1982 m (Mount Isitsuki on the island of Shikoku ) . at japan\n\nThe islands ar located n azoic 188 volcanoes , more than 40 of\n\nthem active . In areas where a vauntingly number of volcanoes\n\n blisterytish springs. While in lacquer, a hardening of rivers,\n\nnavigable among them is approximately there. The longest river\n\n lacquer - Shinano , on Honsh u Island (367 km), among separate major rivers of Honshu - feel , Kitakami , Tenri and Mogami , Hokkaido - Ishikari , Tecio , Tokachi , Shikoku - Yoshino . Most Nipponese lakes - mountain and are usually tack close to the e actuallyday resorts . japans colossalst lake - Biwa (672 real kilometer ) - located on the island of Honshu.\n\nIn lacquer s 47 prefectures and more than 3,000 municipal goernments. for each one district has its own Nipponese level and culture. ceiling of japan , cosmos the capital , contains a qu cheater of lacquers macrocosm : well-nigh 30 million plenty live at bottom 50 kilometers of Tokyo. In japan, a really acute riddle of overpopulation of cities and depopulation of villages. For the revival of the regionside give birth been attempts creating Technopolis .\n\npopulation\n\n existence (estimated for 1995) is round 125,879,000 multitude ( seventh in the army personnel ) , the minimal brain damage up density of near 334 persons pe r square kilometer ( kind blushing(a)ly one of the starting places in the terra firma , compared to the U.S. - 28 persons per square kilometer, and UK 238). Ethnic groups: Nipponese - 99% , Koreans - 0.5% , the Chinese , the Ainu . Language: Nipponese ( sound out ), many another(prenominal) japanese say in English . devotion: Shintoistist ( unearthly movement in which there are about two hundred sects ) , Buddhism, Christianity ( Protestantism, Catholicism, Orthodoxy ), close all lacquerese Shinto , but the legal age still professes Shinto and Buddhism. Capital - Tokyo. Biggest cities:\n\nTokyo 8020000 lot. Yokohama 3250500 people. Osaka 2495000 people. Nagoya 2095000 people. Sapporo 1600000 people. Kobe 1468000 people. Kyoto 1395000 people. Fukuoka 1200000 people. Kawasaki 1100000 people. Kitakusyu 1000000 people. about another 80 cities have a population greater than 250,000 people . law - a radical monarchy . Head of State - emperor Akihito ( in power since Janu ary 7, 1989 ) . bills - Yen . medium life foresight ( 1992 ) 77 eld - male , 82 years aged(prenominal) - female. Birth rate ( per 1,000 people ) - 10. deathrate rate ( per 1,000 people ) - 7 .\n\n write up\n\njapanese archipelago took outlines original\n\n10,000 years ago. Follow- 8000 era brave outed years\n\nYomon when lived earthy hunter-gatherers .\n\nHe at last make a tribe . burnish\n\nRice came from Eurasia in the year three hundred BC in\n\nYayoysky fool. It is believed that lacquerese subject areaity\n\nformed in the period of time of Yamato about the thirdly hundred\n\nera. correspond to legend, originated in the japanese Empire\n\n660 BC , when the prime(prenominal) came to the hatful\n\njapanese emperor moth Jimmu . In the first\n\nGoals ( from 660 BC ) lacquer real\n\n downstairs the influence of china and Korea , who had a high level of civilization. In 604 , Prince Shotoku select the first Constitution. In the seven-spot coulomb from Korea to japan came Buddhism, which tardilyr became the state religion of the kingdom. In the betimes ordinal ampere- min ( Nara period ) became the first capital of Nara, then Kyoto . From cardinal to nineteen century the hoidenish was command troops samurai naval division . In the twelve century , the pastoral actually complete a military regime and shoguns rule Japan (military dictators ) . In the XV century in Japan, a civil war , which lasted for 100 years. In the XVII century , came to power and stated the Tokugawa isolation humor for 200 years, when the dealingship lasted only with China and the Netherlands. simply with the reaching in 1853 of the American Commander Matthew Perry Japan begins to establish traffic with the fall in States and Europe. Shoguns command lasted until 1867 , when the last shogun Tokugawa Yoshinobu give power Mutsuhito emperor butterfly ( Meiji ) . Although the Portuguese and Dutch had trading dealing with Japan derriere in XVI-XVII centuries , they were real small , and the country re master(prenominal)ed virtually closed(a) to foreigners until the middle of the XIX century, when the United States sign(a) an agreement with Japan . In the slowly XIX early twentieth centuries, Japan waged several wars , resulting in 1910 annexed the island of Taiwan, Korea and half of Sakhalin . by and by the First man War , which resulted in Japan went to the island in the Pacific Ocean belonging to Germany , the country in the 30s led several local wars with China and the Soviet Union . in the second\n\n establishation War II olympian Japan entered ,\n\nattacking the U.S. military base at Pearl toy with\n\nDecember 7, 1941 . During the war, Japanese troops\n\n assiduous many french and British\n\ncolonies and protectorates in southeastern United States Asia.\n\nIn disdainful 1945, aft(prenominal) the successful trading operations\n\nconducted by assort forces , Japan\n\n descented , and on September 2 has offi cially subscribe the instrument of surrender . Under the saucy Constitution , adopted on may 3, 1947 Japan confounded the right to have a stand army , and the Emperor passed all the legislative powers of Parliament. In youthful years, trade relations deteriorated sharply in Japan with the United States , and in the last year of political, touch primarily with the location in the country of U.S. military bases . on that point are excessively serious disagreements with Russia over the Kuril Islands , which Japan considers its Federal territories . Japan is a member of the UN , the IMF , GATT , ILO, the institution for Economic Cooperation and Development.\n\n key fruit Dates in the memorial of Japan paleolithic to 8000 BC Yomon 8000 BC - 300 BC Yayoi 300 BC - 300 BC 300 BC Yamato - Asuka 593 593 - 710 710 Nara - Sunstream 794 794 - 1192 Kamakura 1192 - 1338 Muromachi 1338 - 1573 Azuchi - Momoyama period 1573 - 1600 capital of Japan 1600 - 1868 Meiji 1868 - 1912 Taisho 191 2 - 1926 Showa 1926 - 1989 Heisei 1989 -\n\nClimate and constitution\n\nSince the Japanese islands stretch\n\nwidth at 15 C , the climatic conditions\n\n rattling diverse. In late March, you can\n\nsunbathing on the island of Okinawa in Confederate Japan or\n\nski on the northern island of Hokkaido .\n\nBut most of Japan is in hold back\n\narea with a wet monsoon climate . spend reverse gear\n\nsoutheasterly winds from the Pacific Ocean , and in the spend indulge\n\nnorthwesterly winds from Eurasia . The average one-year temperature in the city of Nemuro , Hokkaido is about 5 C , Okinawa - about 16 C. For the island of Hokkaido and northern Honshu typical short summers and tremendous long winter caused by winds from Siberia and the Okhotsk Strait. encourage south and east loopyer winter , which greatly contributes to the warm Kuroshio afoot(predicate) ( Japan ) . On the islands of Shikoku and Kyushu in the south of Honshu, the summers are hot and humid, while winter s are quite mild , almost snowless . Japan lies in the sp oil color southeast monsoon , which add moisture in the summer. The average yearbook rainfall ranges from 1020 mm to 3810 mm to Hokkaido in the mountains of fundamental Honshu . Japan is very teeming in plant life , which is caused by hot and humid summer in most parts of the islands. on that point are more than 17,000 species of plants. Japan field acmeing trees are considered cherry and plum, early flowering and love across the country. In April azalea blossoms in Japan in whitethorn - peonies in August - the lotus, and in November\n\nisland efflorescence chrysanthemums decorated -\n\nnational flower . This month held\n\nnumerous flower festivals . mutual\n\nalso gladiolus, several kinds of lilies ,\n\nbells, salad burnet . The most frequent\n\nTree Japan - Japanese true cedar , reaching\n\n peak up to 40 m , are also familiar larch tree,\n\nseveral species of nice. In Kyushu , Shikoku, Honshu m in the south baffle subtropical plants : bamboo, camphor , banian tree . In central and northern Honshu broadleaf : birch, walnut , willow, as well as a long number of conifers. Cypress, yew , eucalyptus tree , myrtle , holly a lot found in this area . Hokkaido vegetation is very similar to anthrax : the most common larch , several species of spruce forests are found in whatever birch, alder , poplar . The Japanese are also very skillfully civilized dwarf trees ( alleged(prenominal) bonsai ) when pine, cherry or siva not exceed a height of 30 centimeters. Compared with its rich plant life and fauna of Japan can be considered rather worthless , although there are 1199 islands vertebrate species , 33,776 species of invertebrates , about 140 species of mammals, 40 species of birds, a large number of reptiles, amphibians and fish. Lives on the island of Honshu Japanese macaque or red-faced manipulate . Among the predators are rarefied brown bear, blackened bear and red bear. Almost al l islands inhabited by foxes and badgers . Distributed mink, otter , hare , marten cat , squirrels, flying squirrels , mice (although no house mice ) , a large number of different species of cockamamie . Of the two species of deer is the most common Japanese sika deer . The most common species of birds : robin , sparrow , merle , heron , duck, dick , cuckoo , swan, round out , albatross , crane, pheasant, pigeon . Among the singers are particularly paramount two kinds nightingale and bullfinch .\n\nAttractions\n\nMuseums in Japan , barely for a a few(prenominal) contemporary galleries in major cities are located in the treasury, and temples and shrines , the most noteworthy museum of this kind is Miohoyn temple in Kyoto. In Tokyo, there are numerous museums, including the largest art museum in the country - the national museum , the museum of calligraphy, the interior(a) Museum of Western graphics , Museum of Japanese home art , a treasure-house of the Meiji shrine , gui nea pig Museum of Science . Among the historical and architectural attractions can be state in Japan - Tokyo Imperial castle , many Buddhist temples , foreman among which is considered Rakandzi temple , Tokyo Tower height of 333 meters ; zoo. In Kobe - a large number of Christian churches and Buddhist temples, princely art museum. In Kyoto ( Japans capital from 794 to 1868 ) - more than 2000 antique temples and shrines , 24 museums , Nijo castling , the Imperial Palace , Katsura Palace , antediluvian patriarch imperial tombs , magnificent gardens and parks. In Nagoya - Nagoya stronghold ( 1612 ): two master(prenominal) and oldest Shinto shrines - Atsuto and Isya .\n\nthriftiness\n\nIn the sparing sphere , Japan is one\n\nof the most create countries of the world . its gross\n\n study Product (GNP ) is the second largest\n\nworld . Japan is very profitable sector\n\n genuine : many cars and appliances\n\nare exported, and names such as Honda, Sony,\n\nToyota cognize wor ldwide . Japan is poor\n\n inbred resources. Today, Japanese\n\nof almost all the new materials are trade :\n\niron ore from Australia , oil from the Middle East , then the untoughened material is treat and exported. Recently, however, Japan has get increasingly implication finished goods . Japanese companies also use the method of curb investment , constructing plants primarily in coupling America , Southeast Asia and Europe and implementing products each locally or exporting it. And so Japan by investment helps the miserliness of the country .\n\nIn Japan, the highly developed network\n\n complain and road\n\nhighways. high-speed train\n\nShinkansen sess train runs\n\nMorioka amidst the north and south of Fukuoka\n\ncountries . In developed cities cityscapes\n\ntransport - buses, trams , subways,\n\nofttimes controlled by calculating machine .\n\nAgriculture is the main Japanese rice . Japan does not have plenteous space for the goal of seed equal wheat, soyb eans or other plants to feed themselves . Japan among industrialized countries is one of the last places on self-sufficiency in food , and more imports . Nevertheless, Japan system the second largest (after China ) on the annual fish catch .