Channel Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Channel Management - adjudicate ExampleThe insurance industry too has begun using hybrid merchandise points.The objectives of marketing channels john be understood better by analysing their four functions - facilitating the exchange emergence, alleviating discrepancies, standardizing transactions and providing customer utility.A marketing channels most important aim is to facilitate a smooth exchange process between a firm and an individual. As marketing is a process of exchange between a buyer and a seller, channel members are considered exchange facilitators.When a marketing channel fails to deliver goods that match customer expectations, discrepancies occur. These plunder be corrected through activities such as sorting, accumulating, allocating and assorting. Organizations produce a variety of products for several reasons. several(prenominal) reasons areDistributors facilitate the task of sorting products so that their identification becomes easier and they can be delivere d fast. Accumulating is the process of hive away the same product in large quantities. Distributors help both buyers and sellers protect themselves against price and supply fluctuations.Allocating is the process by which larger quantities of homogeneous products are broken down into smaller quantities. Manufacturers sell their products in masses to sellrs, who in turn, sell these in bulk to distributors. The distributors sell these products in smaller quantities to customers. Assorting is the process by which the customers strike requirement is ascertained for a target group of customers. Distributors facilitate the marketers task of assorting the products for different consumers according to their tastes and preferences. some other major objective of marketing channels is standardizing transactions. Let us consider the example of a draw delivery system here. In this case, the distribution is standardized throughout the marketing channel so that consumers do not need to negoti ate with sellers on any aspect, whether prices, quantity, payment method or products location.Customer service includes installation, training and maintenance of the product and other forms of service required by customers. Distributors too offer these services. In a typical distribution system, on that point are two tiers between the manufacturer and the final consumer - the wholesale distributor and retailer. In a marketing channel, working with distributors and resellers creates more problems than it solves. This is because it is feared that intermediaries are interested in maximizing their profits and are not concerned about manufacturers profits. To further this end, they prefer manufacturers with products and brands in high demand. though this may be considered rational, it creates problems for manufacturers who are introducing new products in a new market. This forces the manufacturer to set-up a direct-distribution channel in international markets.Established companies, whe n entering international markets, choose emerging markets first. As they have exceptional exposure in these markets, they sell their products through local distributors who are independent in nature. Initially, though there can be a fast growth in sales, as the time passes, manufacturers start realizing and identifying problems with the distributors (Arnold,

Week 5 -611 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Week 5 -611 - Essay ExampleFor near of the simple erudition outcomes, for example, factual information, adjustment to some form of selection item may non reduce the rationality of the measurement and willing cause increase in the ease of scoring and objectivity. For the learning outcomes that are complicated, for example, those of sciences and mathematics, rejecting the short answer may require wizard to change the learning outcome, therefore diminution the legitimacy of the intended outcomes.Matching items are preferably used to measure factual information that is found on simple associations. When a learning outcome stresses on the capability of identifying the connection between ii things and an adequate number of similar responses and premises can be acquired, a matching item will to a fault be preferable. It is an efficient and a compact way of measuring outcomes of simple knowledge. They can also be used with pictorial materials in relating words and pictures or recogn ize locations on diagrams, charts and maps. Matching items should be avoided when measuring factual information based on learning that is vulnerable to the existence of extraneous clues. It should also be avoided when using homogenous material that is vital from the perspective of learning and objective items.3. In an electron orbit in which you are teaching or plan to teach, construct five short-answer items, five true-false items, and one five-alternative matching exercise. State the objectives being measures by the

Housing in a Free Market Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Housing in a Free Market Economy - Essay ExampleWith the curiosity of the accommodate blast of the past decade, the UK judicature under Gordon Br have wants to energise the housing arena of the scrimping. The political relations interference in housing and its authenticity in playing a role in the housing trade through its policy initiatives is being seen doubtfully by experts as they perceive the ups and downs of the commercialise functioning a part of the business cycle of regular intervals of boom and bust OR the governments desire to meddle in the housing affairs just shows the obsession of the people to own a home of their own OR the government has started realising the importance of hosing market in the overall economy of the country, needs o be analysed (The Telegraph, 5 June 2008). The government potty intervene in housing sector by planning its role through various choices and taking certain measures. It can initiate a national homes saving scheme by facilitating fi rst-time home buyers to use their tax-free 5-years period deposits. It can fall by the wayside parental help by making the contribution in the housing of their children tax-free. It can increase the legal tender duty to a certain restrain to minimise the impact to new buyers. The government can defend a stamp duty holiday for a stipulated time to boost the housing market. It can tantalize the regulatory grip so that home building activity becomes hyper. It can be lax in insisting on Home Information Packs, which are offered and paid by the sellers. The government can limit the number of affordable homes on the upcoming housing locations to boost housing growth as contribute making is less profitable for making affordable homes (The Telegraph, 5 June 2008). Competition is very important in housing market to disrupt the rent-seeking tendencies by powerful builders. Rent seeking, laissez-faire and state interference not only kills competition between the market forces but comes in the way of innovation. Government level intervention can bring about greater transparency in the housing transactions (Hooper, 2009). Arguments in party favour of Government Intervention in Housing Sloman and Sutcliffe (2004) state a number of reasons inviting government intervention in business. To fulfil the aim of social efficiency, which is attained when marginal benefits become equal to marginal costs from merchandise or consumption activity, government can interfere in the specific business market. Response of market to changes in supply and demand may be slow, which can impair the level of equilibrium and deliver instability. A free market does not consider the needs of less-affordable people and therefore, the production of merit goods could be insufficient. Market irregularities can be corrected through taxes and subsidies. Taxes can be increased to equal the sizing of the marginal external cost and offering subsidy equal to the marginal external advantage. The govern ment can regulate the market behaviour by making certain laws to be abided by for the benefit of cat valium man. These are some of the steps government can take to interfere in the market for both business activity. The current discussion on government role in housing market has gained nerve impulse because of the global financial crisis, which has drawn the attention of policy makers in the UK government. It wants to rescue the housing and banking sector, as housing and finance are inter-related sectors without getting loans sanctioned by the financial organisations, the home buyers cannot purchase houses and the housing sedulousness cannot attain growth. On its part, the British government through the Bank of England made $352 billion available via the particular Liquidity Scheme to enhance the

Introduction to Management -- Economics, Finance and Management Assignment

Introduction to Management -- Economics, Finance and Management - Assignment ExampleOne of the s organizeholders of the unswerving whitethorn be its customers who can significantly be involved in the stakeholders infringe. This may be due(p) to the fact that the customers may not be willing to purchase the products of the firm due to various reasons including firms reputation for providing environment friendly products etc. This may be an strong point of conflict between the firm and its most fundamental stakeholders.Government can be another important stakeholder in this business because Government has the overall responsibility of ensuring that firms are meeting the exact criteria as laid work through by the law. Further, it can also be at conflict with other stakeholders because Government often take unilateral decisions which may adversely affect other set of stakeholders. As much(prenominal) government takes such actions very wisely in order to avoid direct conflict with other set of stakeholders. every(prenominal) commercial organization has the sole purpose of achieving higher value for its shareholders. As such it is important that it must earn gather and maximize it to the fullest advantage of the shareholders. Profit maximization therefore is a term which is apply to indicate that the firms value is what it should have been alternatively than what it is now.Profit satisficing on the other knock over is the firms pursuit to earn satisfactory profits rather than maximum profits. This can be due to the fact that a firm might have some other objectives to pursue rather than the profit maximization. Such objectives can included maximization of market value etc. it is also important to note that the notion of profit satisficing differs from firm to firm and each management or firm may pursue the aim in different manner.From the given facts in the essay study it seems that the firm is a profit satisficer as its objectives and actions indicate tha t it is attempting to increase the profitability to a reasonable level. It is important to note that the profit

Discussion a solution to the problem of dealing with economic crisis Essay

Discussion a solution to the problem of dealing with economic crisis - Essay ExampleMost of the foreign assets are denominated in dollars and the value of the currency has further appreciated due to the investors winding off their position. This has led the foreign creditors to guide out their money from the country as the value of their debt is falling with the rising dollar. The values of the homes have dropped drastically due to auctioning and early foreclosures. The government can buy back the foreclosure and sell them at a dissolve to the construction companies with the condition of not building any new houses. This willing congeal a clink to the housing surplus.The US trade deficit is very large. This is the result of US corporations outsourcing their production of goods and services. To settle these deficits the countries develop US based companies, invest in real estate, purchase treasury bonds and invest in derived function instruments like mortgage based securities w hich are the main reasons for the spread of the financial crisis. These mortgage based securities precipitated the financial crisis. Since many institutions had invested in these instruments which were backed by customers with a bad credit record the default of the customers was inevitable. This calls for the mandate of financial markets. But here also caution should be exercised with regard to over-regulation or wrong regulation. To put a check to the trade deficits steps should be taken for indigenous production of outsourced services. The credit tease should be issued after a thorough scrutiny of the credit history of the applicant. Also, sufficient reserves should be maintained against the rising outstanding. This will prove to be a cushion in case the cardholder defaults in payment. This will also strengthen the banking system.The government can also lower the tax rates and freezes it for a certain period so that the corporate agencies are encouraged to invest in new avenues . This will solve the unemployment problem, increase the confidence of the people

(CHILDREN'S RIGHT ) My Course is Iin EDUCATION Essay

(CHILDRENS RIGHT ) My Course is Iin EDUCATION - Essay ExampleHowever, different International Conventions and Ugandan politics have taken severe steps to prevent the unlawful induction of pincerren in any change of work either hazardous or un-hazardous that may have its adverse affects on their physical, mental and academician progress. These Conventions have tried their level best to create awareness among the different communities present in Uganda that child toil is a crime and people should refrain sending their children for any sort of economical activity.However, it is expect that with the passage of time and by creating awareness in the minds of Ugandan people, the government and the international agencies will stamp down the problem of baby projection in Uganda for their own prosperity and development of the society which is highly eventful for them.Child labor and poverty are inevitably bound together and if you continue to use the labor of children as the treatment for the social disease of poverty, you will have both poverty and child labor to the end of time.- Grace AbbottUganda is faced with severe poverty along with a low literacy rate. Poverty is the primary(prenominal) cause of defragmenting the socioeconomic structure of any country. As a result, people in Uganda compel their children to garner and contribute with their families in order to sustain their living standards. Due to this reason, we can clearly observe a high percentage of children working under hazardous conditions to meet their basic needs (http//childvoice.jinja.eu/en/child-labor-in-uganda.). Child labor is an unlawful and immoral induction of young children which deprives them of better living conditions, secure of education and the right of being known as the most fragile humans in the world.Child can be defined as a human who falls between the ages of birth and youth. In legal monetary value a child is defined as a minor who is dependent on his caretakers for livi ng and

Business in UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business in UK - Essay ExampleIt is whiz of the key options for the effective economic management. According to the British Economist, Mr. Keynes, the public spending needs to be enlarge when the private investment and spending is unbalanced and inadequate. There are two categories of spending, such as cracking spending and sure spending. Capital spending considers spending on the physical assets, including roads, bridges, schools, and hospitals. On the otherwise hand, current spending includes expenditure on raw materials and wages.Government describes fiscal policy by writing command and setting imposeation level. The changes in fiscal and monetary policy coffin nail affect the notees both now or indirectly. The impacts are highlighted below.Fiscal policy generally engages changes in spending and taxation policies. baseer tax considers high disposable income for people and more cash to invest for business in equipments and jobs. On the other hand increasing consumption o f taxes or income usually address less disposable income for people that can be decelerate the activities linked with the business (Ruddock, 116). It is evidenced that increasing ageing population and budget deficits should be addressed in order to sustain the long term business growth.Changes in the short-term bet rate generally manipulate long-term interest rates. Mortgage rate is the effective example of it. Low interest rate stands for higher disposable income for people and limited interest expense for a picky business. The combination of these two considers high business profit. High interest rate can affect the business firms as it results Lower sales and profit and higher interest expense. Changes in the interest rate withdraw veto impact on the stock prices that can affect consumer spending.Several taxation policies have negative impacts on the business cost. For an example,

Business (i NEED A WRITER IN LAW OR CRIMINOLOGY ) Essay

Business (i NEED A WRITER IN LAW OR CRIMINOLOGY ) - Essay ExampleThis right to confront your accuser in open court is regarded as the core of theside trial system (and of course that of other jurisdictions based on it).All criminal cases start in the Magistrates courts. Petty offences, or offences not serious in nature are dealt with by Magistrates court. They are called compendium offences. All cases regarding these offences are decided entirely in the Magistrates act. Apart from summary offences, there rear end be two other types of offences. One is cognize as either-way offence. In either-way offences, the suspect has a choice. His case passel either be heard by the Magistrates court or if so desired, he can importune on trial by judge and jury in the Crown Court. Magistrates Court can chew the fat fines up to 5000, and punishments up to 12 months1. However, the Magistrates Court has power to impose more sentence if the defendant is aerated with two or more offences, and at least two offences are either way offences. over 95% of all criminal cases are dealt with by Magistrates Courts.2 Magistrates Courts may refer some cases to Crown Court if it reaches a conclusion that the defendant deserves more severe punishment than they can. However, all the three types of cases must be first heard by the Magistrates Court. This hearing is known as committal.Offences of the other type are known as indictable offences. chargeable offences are to be tried only by Crown Court. Indictable offences are more serious criminal cases such as murder, manslaughter, assault, rape or robbery. The Crown Courts can hear appeals from orders of Magistrates Courts. These cases in Magistrates Courts are heard by three lay magistrates (who are known as justices of peace) or by a District Judge. The magistrates are volunteers from the locality. District Judge is a trained lawyer. He is a government servant.The prosecution is usually carried out by the Crown Prosecution Service. A

Human Papilloma virus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human Papilloma virus - Essay ExampleThey each founder their own sur lay out that they prefer to attack. Some like the moist areas such as the mouth, anus and genitals spot others prefer the hands, face and scalp.When HPV does take hold, it grows a lump of thickened splutter. Thats the wart.(Davis,2011). The wart will shed its skin in beat and that skin will carry, and transmit the virus. They will discrepancy painlessly on the hands, face or scalp. The Plantar wart will form on the soles of the feet and are the only painful form of wart. On the genitals a painless cauliflower like growth will form. In primitive cases HPV can cause cancer of the cervix, penis, vagina or anus. The wart will cultivate its own blood give and nerve and this makes it very difficult to just go away on its own.The body will ultimately recognize and fight the virus by creating its own antibodies to HPV and will cause the wart to drop of, but, this takes time and normally will take one to two years. T here are over the counter remedies including Salicylic acerb which will irritate and eliminate the wart. There are also prescribed therapies such as antiviral drug Creams that stimulate the immune system and stunt the growth of warts and you can also have the wart surgically removed. Vaccinations are available for girls at 11-12 years of age and for boys from 9-26.I am not a health check expert, but it seems to me that warts are just a relatively innocent, annoying part of human life in much the same vane as pimples. We have medical experts who like to dramatize some aspects of medical specialty and try and frighten us with their fancy words and researches. HPV Infection is Usually a Sexually transmitted Disease (STD) and is Easily Spread by Having Sex with an Infected Person.(Mayo Clinic,2010.) .There is a stigma as soon as Sexually Transmitted is quoted. Well guess what? you can catch the common shabby if you have sex with someone who has the Flu. Does that make the common c old a sexually transmitted malady?, I think not.

Parents Involvement in Their Children Education Research Paper

P bents Involvement in Their Children Education - Research Paper ExampleAs children attend school, parents should participate in the education process using several approaches. These include buying uni puddles, remunerative schools fees, assisting with homework, taking them to school and picking them. Sciarra (2004) indicates that parents should create an appropriate environs for their children by removing distractions such as exuberant TV or films, too a great deal movement or regular friends. DEEWR (2011) indicates that the home and learning environment should be favorable for children in lay to boost their learning process. Parents contribution in their children erudition whose objective lens was to explain enhances their practiceance in school. Parents should teach their children songs, drawings as well as paintings or allow them to masticate the library. As a result, parents enjoy their childrens talents and preferred co-curricular activities. Additionally, parents get to know their childrens friends and keep a record of their progress in school. According to a recent research whose objective was to explain the human relationship between parents involvement in their children education and results, it was discovered that help with schoolwork is directly proportional to a childs enhanced reading, understanding of numbers and improved scores. Another importance is that parents get to know their children capabilities and weakness. Additionally, parents get to know their childrens friends and keep a record of their progress in school.... of Education, claimed that parents participation in their children education is critical than socio-economic status of the family. This simply means that a childs economic ambit does not influence their academic capabilities rather than their parents involvement (Sciarra, 2004). According to Sciarra (2004) parents are involved in their childrens education and social life in order to manage issues such as drug and in ebriant abuse, peer influence and bullying. Financial constrain is a challenge that parents face, limiting them from taking their children to best schools, try them with good books and educational trips (Sciarra, 2004). Sciarra claims that children who come from families whose parents suffer from sickness, mental disorders or abuse drugs are likely to perform poorly in school. These parents do not take a centre role in order to ensure children meet their academic objectives. Furthermore, children from such families do not engage in sports, go come on on academic trips or buy books so that they do not burden their families. Additionally, such children turn away good careers such as medicine, law and engineering because parents cannot pay the required fees (Sciarra, 2004). In as much there is a broad agreement that parents influence their children education, researchers are still investigating an appropriate form of parenting that would lead to academic success of children. Theorie s on how parents can pass reading culture, skills and good attitudes to their children are creation debated on. A significant proportion of scholars argue that some children are inherently intelligent while others are not academically talented. These scholars further claim that environmental influence or parental guiding cannot diverge academic capabilities. There

The case for contamination Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The subject area for contamination say - Essay Example devotion entrust act as an avenue through which individuals will be exposed to external media while they uphold their cultural values. This will ensure cultural values and traditions do not get eroded as globalization continues in the entire world.An example in the shew regarding how religion will ensure cultural values are not eroded is seen in the case of Sipho, who is a very religious person. Sipho grew up in a very traditional society and he is deeply rooted to his cultures. He has, however, experienced the impacts of globalization which has helped him learn various aspects of the way of life of individuals who occupy different cultures. Sipho has watched television programs and he was greatly influenced by Days of our Lives. The program changed his perception regarding certain views. He, however, did not agree with certain aspects in the show as they were not acceptable according to his culture (Appiah, 4).Religion is a lso believed to contribute negatively to globalization by eroding cultural values of individuals. Globalization will ensure individuals adopt the western cultures which are not acceptable according to traditional cultural values. The sparing will also be greatly affected since globalization will bring about unsanded goods, such as western clothes. Individuals may, therefore, abandon wearing the religion traditional attire as they elect to wear cheap western clothing. Preservationists believe role of religion in the process of globalization is ruinous as it will cause great impact on the culture, as well as providence of a nation.Religion plays a huge a role in forming the world views of most individuals. masses attain their basic morals and values from religious teachings and this has a great influence on their ideas on what is acceptable or not acceptable within the society. Religion ensures

What is the role of celebrity endorsement in media communication Essay

What is the role of celebrity endorsement in media communication - Essay Examplee late(a) past as a result of being endorsed by many different companies and corporations to advertise their products and give different brands to the market place. The essay will examine the role of these celebrity endorsements to the media communication and how all these fag be of benefit to the companies and the general public.Endorsement is the act of picking up an individual to promote a particular brand using different media channels. This is majorly used as a marketing technique hardly what matters most is the media channel used to carry out the endorsement communication. If the wrong form of media is chosen much(prenominal) as radio and which many people do not listen to, whatsoever is being endorsed is startle to fail to attract the targeted people (Okorie, Oyedepo & Akhidenor, 2012).Celebrities ar being endorsed to carry out the advertisements. Their use is much to a greater extent effect ive than regular people as they have large followers worldwide. These celebrities include athletes, movie stars candor shows stars, famous business personalities and musicians among other celebrities. It is guaranteed that with their endorsement, they are bound to attract an even larger following and whatever they have endorsed will accepted by the people.When choosing the celebrities to use to endorse whatever product is being advertised, it is valuable to look at their media usage and the following they have on each of these media particularly the social media. This is of the essence(predicate) because celebrities are endorsed with a lot of money even millions of dollars and hence it is important to know that the people are getting their moneys worth. According to research by (Chan, Leung Ng & Luk, 2013), most companies target one-year-old adults as they are the ones who are most likely to identify with the celebrities and they find these celebrities appealing.Media communicat ion refers to exchange of development from one person to another or to a group of people for the purpose of passing on a message. In

Analysis the Sprint Nextel Corp Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

abbreviation the Sprint Nextel Corp - Essay ExampleIn 2001, it became the first company to introduce a tuner Java for networking. Sprint Nextel Corporation offers a range of fixed, mobile, and broadband communications products and services. Sprint Nextel is widely recognised for developing, engineering and deploying innovative technologies. Internationally, it is known for internet networking and major development in technology. The cost of debt for the company stinker be computed by analyzing the various components of debts. These include link up issues, treasury bills, loanwords etc. Sprint Nextel has a miscellanea of bond issues with different maturities (see table 1). This analysis will focus on the head quarters debt component analysis only (see table2). The coupons outlined here are three with the respective maturity dates. The foster of a similar bond at similar rates is analyzed as having a rack up value of $railyard for the Canadian debt and $2500 for the unsecured no tes. These are wontd to find the outlay of each bond. By discounting the annuity and the lump sum at maturity for each bond, the price of each bond is obtained. This order uses trial and error to ascertain the cost of each bond. The assumption do is that similar bonds yield $1000 and $2500 respectively. This is for the purposes of discounting the return of the bond towards a set amount of expected as per today. Further analysis shows that the price of each bond is effective once we added the taxation work out. The assumed taxation factor in the unite States is 35%. The after tax cost of each bond is obtained by multiplying the cost of bond (pre-tax) with the factor (1-tax rate). Another aspect to consider is that the company is financed by a long term loan. Given the intercontinental economic crisis, the cost of repayment of loans has tremendous increased by 5%. An assumption is made that the loan of $166,855 has an interest rate of 16%. This is the cost of this loan. The to tal cost of debt is the mean of the cost of the loan and the bond issues. Accounting for this, the cost of debt is obtained as 6.19% The cost of equity The equity components are ordinary piece of ground nifty and preference share capital letter. To obtain the cost of equity, I will include the ordinary capital in this case. This is done by obtaining the dividend payable in the coming year divided by the current trade price and so multiplying it by dividend growth. For the last three years, the financial statements indicate no dividend payment made by the libertine. This trend is assumed to be continuous in the coming year. Therefore the dividend value per share is zero and the growth is also zero. The current market share value stands at $ 2.74. By doing the demand computation, the cost of equity is zero. Weighted average cost of capital WACC is obtained by adding weight to the various capital components i.e. debt and equity. Capital is made up of equity and debt in this firm . By summing debt and equity, I get their weights as the debt has a total weight of 44% and equity has a total weight of 56%. These percentages are then multiplied by the above computation of cost of debt and equity respectively. The two are added giving WACC of 3.45% The firms beta The firms beta is a measure of risk to the company. This is obtained through the use of the indexes for United States multiplying with the cost of capital. The beta stands at 1.16 which is indicates low risk measure. This can be unlevered by adding tax aspect to obtain 0.61. Debt to equity ratio of Sprint is obtained as 27.7 this indicates low risk to the company. Calculations Table 1 - combined industry bond issues SECURITY Coupon Amount Maturity Unsecured senior notes 7.625 1650 1/30/11 Unsecured senior

Report on Panama Canal Expansion Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Report on skimmer line enlargement Project - Essay ExampleThe give has been rocked with a strike which could threaten the completion of work as scheduled. contents Abstract 1 Contents 2 Introduction 3 Background 4 Strengths and weakness of the propose 6 Findings 7 a.Finances 7 b.Environmental Impact 8 c.Stakeholders 9 d. administration and oversight 9 e.Risk mitigation 10 f.High level risks and insurances 10 g.International Governance 11 h.Procurement Policies 12 i.Strategic Human Resource Management and HR concerns 12 j.Performance Assessment of the navy man Expansion Project 14 k.Earned Value management 15 Professional Reflective statement 16 determination 16 Recommendations 18 Bibliography 19 Appendices 22 Introduction Many infrastructural mega stomachs are prone to suffer from terms overruns, delays, poor performance or inability to give customer satisfaction. Interaction of several factors can occasion complexities which can either promote success or inhibit it depend ing on how they are approached. It is crucial for project managers to thus critically analyze a mega project before undertaking it. One such project is the Panama Canal expansion project. Panama Canal is one of the busiest waterways globally. Opened in 1914, Panama Canal is a critical prop of international trade (Gagne, 2011, p. 1267). Nevertheless, the growth of international shipping in the endure century and in the present times continues to be hampered by the Canals capacity (Gagne, 2011, p. 1267). This necessitated Panama Canal Authority to embark on an ambitious project of aggrandizeing the canal. Currently, the canal accommodates vessels of not more than 965 feet (294.1m) in length, 39.5 feet in depth, and a beam width of 106 feet (Sayre, 2010, p. 16). Vessels that can navigate in this canal are cognise as Panamax and have the ability of can carrying 4000-4500 Twenty Four Equivalent Units. Vessels larger than Panamax are adapted to navigate in other trade canals which and therefore Panama Canal Expansion project seeks to site the harbor as an international trade channel able to attract bigger ships and therefore promote international trade and increase profitability. The expanded canal result be able to handle vessels of up to 1200feet in length, 160 feet beam and a draft of 49 feet (Sayre, 2010, p. 16). After completion, the canal will champion reduce waiting times and bring down the costs of shipping significantly (Berman, 2006). According to the projections by Panama Canal Authority, canal expansion project is going to result to between 7 to 17 percent savings to shippers due to increased capacity (Panama Canal Authority Announces Expansion Plans, 2006, p. 12). The decision to expand the canal took into consideration various factors that could be affected by its expansion both locally and internationally. This pass over highlights some of the areas that have been considered since the decision to embark on Panama Canal Expansion Program was m ade. It will also evaluate the issues of international governance, change leadership, performance and procurement management and human resources issues surrounding Panama Canal expansion. Background The genesis of a canal running across the Isthmus of Panama goes natural covering to 1534. At this time, the king of Spain, Charles V ordered a survey to be carried out in anticipate for a route passing through the Americas that ships traveling Between Spain and Peru could use (Caso & Welsh, 1978, pp.72 . This discovery of gold in California was met with interest to cross between the Atlantic and Pacific

The Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Organization - Essay standards profitability helped to the expansion of the organizational activities worldwide currently, the wets sites operate in Britain, Ireland and Continental Europe. In 2009 the staunchs revenues were estimated to 447,661 (million pounds) in 2008 the revenues of the firm reached the 431, 062 (million pounds). The produce of the firm has led to its listing in FTSE 250 and FTSE All Share indices (Stobard Group, Investors, Listing Information). A key point in the firms growth seems to be its acquisition by WA Developments International (in 2004) the firms new owners introduced important changes in the firms culture leading the organization to become one of the most powerful players in the British logistics industry.Stobard Group is among the UKs major competitors in the logistics industry the firm was first established in 1970 today, the firms sites in Britain, Europe and Ireland are estimated to 40 (corporate website, 2010) through the decades, the firms social organisation has been changed being aligned with the increased organizational needs the expansion of the firms sites within and away Britain led to the need for changes in organizational size and structure the organizational culture can be characterized as stable interventions have been made aiming to increase the firms competitiveness in its industry.The firm started as a family business in 1960 in 1970 Eddie Stobart Limited was established under the control of Eddie and Edward Stobart it was in 2004 that the firms ownership changed drastically the firm was acquired by WA Developments International a firm owned by Andrew Tinkler and William Stobart (Stobart Group, History) up today the firm is under the control of A. Tinkler and W.Stobart who have introduced significant changes in organizational structure and culture a fact that also positively affected the firms position in its industry.As noted above, the firm was first established as a

Impact of Flow Rate on Water Quality of the River Yare Lab Report

Impact of Flow Rate on Water Quality of the River Yare - Lab Report ExampleThis problem has been mostly alleviated through the remotion of phosphorus from these sources before dumping. However, the current concern that is most pressing in regards to the health of the river Yare are the changes in its flow rate that have come as a result of human activity. The present schooling is meant to investigate the biotic scores from two distinct sampling sites, a ready Flow commonwealth and a Slow Flow area, and to determine if they are influenced by factors other than organic pollutionIn order to assess the environmental impact of changes in flow rate velocity on the river Yare, we industrious the Biological Monitoring Working Party method (see BMWP). Two sample typesets have been collected. The first set was collected in an area of the river designated Slow Flow and a second set from a extravagant Flow area. The area of the river considered as Slow Flow had the following characteristics meandering, reed lined, no organic be on Benthos, sediment sand, gravel, no visible flows, mixed banks, clear water, no algae, 0.5 m/s start velocity, 5 m width. The characteristics of the Fast Flow collection area had the following characteristics shallow 15-20 cm, stony riffle, rise up speed 1 m/s, steep sides, sloping sides, deciduous trees on sides, fallen leaves in water, some(prenominal) green weed in Benthos, water is clear.In this field study, the presence of a variety of species i... Since the dayfly is the most sensitive to the effects of pollution, it is precondition the rating of 10. Worms, which are relatively insensitive to pollution, are given a score of 1. The total score accumulated from many samples is then assessed in relation to introductory scores.ResultsThe raw individual data for the Slow Flow collection as well as the Fast Flow collection is shown in pulp 1. Pooled group data is shown in Figure 2 for two Slow Flow and Fast Flow sampling. Results of the SPSS analysis of the raw individual data is shown in Figure 3. For the Slow Flow data, p=0.00 and p

Paul Gustave Dore Essay Example for Free

Paul Gustave Dore EssayWhile accompanying his father and fourth-year brother in Paris, Gustave dis intered the allure of Paris and made known his intention to remain and stick to his career as an workman (Hubbard 5-8). His work is generally considered as Romanticism and he has been labeled wiz of the greatest illustrators of his fourth dimension. His lack of formal training created both derision among art critics and a cult chase among familiar people who could relate to his work. He possessed a grasp of what would be popular among the common folks of his sequence and a flair for the dramatics in his work. It could be said that the Parisian stratagem world did non side with him because he did not struggle or starve as almost artist did and his financial success was a threat to the very core of cunning (McWilliam 829-830). His was a time of great discovery, both scientific and artistic, and an industrial revolution the standardizeds of which gave wealthiness to the very few. When he abandoned burlesque work, he did try to redeem himself but, could not break the yoke of commercial production and its promise of wealth (Hubbard 5-8).His inability to sway his critics and peers in his birthplace and formative city (Paris) forced him to ply his wares in England and across the Atlantic to the United States. Gustave Dore became the darling of England and America, and managed to make millions during his half century of breeding and produced a staggering measuring stick of sketches. At one point of his career as an illustrator, he employed forty blockcutters (WebMuseum 1). Gustave Dore dabbled in both painting and sculpture during his later years and was purported to be a violinist and tenor singer (Hubbard 5-8).The work of Gustave Dore is both loved and spurned during his lifetime but, he certainly maintained a life of wealth his father could not have made and he owed it all to his prodigious pencil. The following works by Gustave Dore, we will exa mine his favored subjects and themes that raiseed the suffering of poor people and presented these in surrounding interposition that emphasized those suffering. . Extracted from a appropriate by Blanchard Jerrold and illustrated by Gustave Dore. The book was commissioned as a emblem of guide through the umpteen streets and venues of capital of the United Kingdom, in essence a Tourist Book (Spartacus. choolnet. co. uk). Instead it became a rendition of the lower class and their p weakly. A story in the Port Cities Leisure, health and housing social conditions in the 19th-century Website cites the following An artists impression of poverty For those whose imaginations could not be stirred by social commentators like Booth and Mearns, the French artist Gustave Dore (1832-1883) visited capital of the United Kingdom and produced horrific fictions of life in the port areas that shocked prevalent opinion. Although a commercial success, many of the critics disliked his work.The cr itics reaction Several critics were angry that Dore had appeared to focus on the poverty that existed on the water preceding, rather than on the finer aspects of life in the metropolis. He was accused by the device Journal of inventing rather than copying. Completely missing the point, The Westminster Review complained that Dore gives us sketches in which the commonest, the vulgarest external features are range down. (PortCities London. org) Analysis of Formal Elements One of the most fundamental elements of art is line. Sayre 82 1Variety and Quality of LinesHomeless people of London deadened on a bench, third quarter 19th century dactyl 1 Museum of fin department of the Graphic arts, Museums of France, 1998 Dores pencil design shows a clear outline of each manakin with the use of a heavier line and the details using lighter lines. The implied and contour lines in the garments indicate purposeless use and filth. The vertical and horizontal rendering on the bench enables the viewer to perceive a lay area made of lapidate thereby heightening the plight of the homeless and impoverished that is depicted here.The nurture of each subject is made through the use of foreshortening and perspective. The foreshortening implies a reclining figure surrounded by place figures. The perception of three dimensions is brought about through the use of reserve, or white background of the paper, on the standing(a) baby and the face of the sleeping girl with a hat. The darker rendering of the other subjects suggest repose spell the highlighted baby is awake. The cross hatching and hatching of the garments in uneven manner depicts clothing that is disheveled, worn, and filthy.Couple and deuce Children Sleeping on a London Bridge bode 1 http//www. bergercollection. org/artwork_detail. php? i=167 Dore in calculate 2 now uses a more expressive line in the treatment of the subjects and dark cloggy graduated in weight to specify bighearted folds in the clothing and the edge lip of the bench, shown as details in run into 3 and 4. A sepia wash is used to introduce as a possible element of a darkening sky dotted with white spots indicating stars. To the speeding left of the figures is a depiction of crosses faintly visible imp manufacture the mast of tall ships thereby implying a port in the distance?The stone bench is still presented by straight vertical and horizontal lines but as opposed to Figure 1, it now shows details such as cracks that normally propagate in stone material. All the figures are dark and disheveled in expression. Their clothing is depicted in an unkempt appearance and the moving picture shows a sense of separation from the stop number class society because of the way they are lying on the bench, even though they are presented in a manner of dress inure to the upper class. My introductory impression was a family waiting for transportation to where I do not know after a night out on the town.Normally figures, during that ce ntury, waiting for transportation are sitting unspoiled. Dore does not address in his drawing here the same condition as Figure 1. When I first axiom this work, I chose not to look at the title and make some preconceived printing as to what was being depicted. When I noticed the implied ship mast in the background, which setup the next perception as a port, it inherently supported my theory of awaiting transportation. Alas, it was not correct and this may shed some light into Dores eventual illustration in Figure 5 of the same scene depicting a more impoverished set of subjects on a bench awaiting the light of day.Included as a reference to the depiction of poor vs. wealthy is Figure 6, one of just a few of the drawings the publishing company thought would be prevalent in the book. Figure 1 http//www. bergercollection. org/artwork_detail. php? i=167 Figure 2 http//www. bergercollection. org/artwork_detail. php? i=167 London A Pilgrimage, Asleep Under the Stars Figure 1 http// www. cf. ac. uk/encap/skilton/illustr/index. hypertext mark-up language London A Pilgrimage, A Ball at the Mansion House Figure 2 http//www. cf. ac. uk/encap/skilton/illustr/index. html 2Spatial schemaA Whitechapel Coffeehouse Figure 3 Use of a frontal recession, street level additive perspective is tantamount to depicting the main figures in this almost monochromatic painting. Dores lines are conclude and are meant to capture fastly the scene in its moment. The central figures show a more upright and important stance than the outlying supporting subjects. Their turned bodies show an intense attention to the entrance of these make out figures. The key figures wardrobe is straight and the outlying figures show crumpled clothing which may imply poverty.It is not until the illustration in Figure 7 that the sense of desperation among the non-central figures is all the way delineated. It is also in this illustration that the claustrophic effect that Dore is famous for is in full effect. The painting shows a more elevated perspective than the illustration. I have started to question Dores intent in the production of these illustrations. Even though his name is clearly on the lower left corner on most prints, the blockcutters name is on the lower right. This clearly implies an employer to employee relationship and does not necessarily imply apprenticeship.The distinct change from study or conceptual drawing to print supports this remark. London A Pilgrimage, A Whitechapel Coffeehouse Figure 4 http//www. cf. ac. uk/encap/skilton/illustr/index. html 3Light and comment The Charity of the fishmongers study in a district of London, 4th quarter 19th century Figure 1 Museum of Louvre department of the Graphic arts, Museums of France, 1998 Dore produced this work five years after the release of the illustrated book London A Pilgrimage. His rendering of color does not lend itself well to translating key formal elements.why he chose to color the crowd of men in re d is in contradiction to the clear pricking of white light shining on the fishmonger and children. The gathering of men looks to be outside receivable to the street pole with what may be gaslights. It is reported that Dore was color blind and was not adept at color shading (Malan 1). If it were not for the title I may have mistook this as a gathering of children at a fish market with their caretaker. Under closer scrutiny it shows the children as lacking berth and wearing torn soiled clothing. 4Texture and Pattern London A Pilgrimage, Houndsditch Figure 2 http//www. f. ac. uk/encap/skilton/illustr/index. html London A Pilgrimage, Found in the Street Figure 3 http//www. cf. ac. uk/encap/skilton/illustr/index. html Here once more his lack of training shows through on the use of light, shading and shadows. His surrounding treatment is far under his work illustrating Dantes Inferno or the Bible. Looking at Figure 10 gives the impression that the candle is giving off more light th an it is truly capable of producing. There is also an imbalance to the scene because of the light. Artistic license aside, I prefer George de la Tours rendering in Joseph the Carpenter Sayre 175.The Figures clearly show the impoverished condition that has befallen the subjects in the picture and shows, as if in a photograph, the dire predicament that requires immediate intervention 5Comparisons The well meaning Dore did have influences during his formative years and it came about through his beginnings as a caricature artist. Artist like Grandville was admired enough by Dore that he went to him for advice on matters concerning his art. Dore studied virtually the work of the first comic strip artist Rodolphe Toepher and this may have created a caricature remembering strategy that was difficult to overcome (Duncum 97, 98).Lion Devouring a Rabbit Figure 1 Eugene DelaCroix DelaCroixs lion bears a more realistic representation of the animal than the one Gustave Dores illustrated on th e cover drawing (Figure 15) for the book London A Pilgrimage. Dores lion seems to melt into the surrounding environment and the foreshortening of the front paw and rear paw are not in keeping with the rules of perspective. Hercules at the Crossroads Figure 2 Albrecht Durer (Germany) circa 1498 London A Pilgrimage, Gustave Dore Figure 3 http//www. cf. ac. uk/encap/skilton/illustr/index. htmlAlbrecht Durers treatment of the sizeable human male may seem to fall within the same realm as Dores human male in his cover drawing but, it shows Dores lack of formal training in the way the back muscles are rendered. Durer studied human anatomy extensively including bone structure, which I conceptualise Dore did not fully grasp. London A Pilgrimage, Newgate Exercise Yard Figure 4 http//www. cf. ac. uk/encap/skilton/illustr/index. html There have been questions in the art world as to the influence of Dore on other artist one in particular is van Gogh who referred to him as the Artist of the People (Study Light Org). Van Gogh had produced a picture called Prison Yard and it was presented without reference to being after a major artist and this was not acceptable. The critic clearly states the resemblance of the picture to Dores above in Figure 17 and describes it as a tolerably literal rendering of an illustration by Gustave Dore. He does go by to deride Dore with the continuing remark It seems as if Van Gogh had discerned, as others have, an occasional article of range in the rubbish-heap of Dores production (R. S. 250). This is but one example of Dores place in the Art Critics of his time. His development of the illustrations for the book London A Pilgrimage brought about the issues of the paupers and homeless (Smith 997-1032). Smith projects the impression of Frances workhouses as being equal to the dreadful pictures of London in Gustave Dores book. In conclusion Gustave Dore succeeded in presenting to the populace at hand on the issues of poverty through study sketches that were transformed into illustrations. His rendered illustrations clearly showed the large divide between the wealthy and the poor.His handsomely paid commission did not affect what he saw as blight in society. His participation in this particular commissioned work allowed him to perform a service that could not be ignored, and his focus on the plight of the paupers created a controversy that most artists during his time could afford (Grew 204). The many sketches he made for this project is not readily encompassed by this study and many scholars are still building a repertoire of research into a man who turned a commercially paid venture into a social statement, which will provide students and teachers with questions still unanswered.

Tragedy and The Common Man Essay Example for Free

Tragedy and The Common humanityhood EssayQuote I believe that the common man is as apt a resign for calamity in its highest sense as offices were. On the face of it this ought to be obvious in the high spirits of modern psychiatry, which bases its analysis upon classific formulations, such as Oedipus and Orestes complexes, for instances, which were enacted by royal beings, yet which apply to everyone in equal emotional situations. Arthur Miller In Arthur Millers essay Tragedy and The Common Man he explains to us what he considers to be tragedy and what a tragic hero is today. He debates that in do to be a tragic hero the hero doesnt need to be a king or have all noble background and or else, the common man send away be considered a tragic hero as well. Arthur Miller honorableifies that the tragic flaw is when a tragic hero refuses to tackle anything that may affect their personal dignity. Arthur Millers ideas on tragedy are precise and smoke be applied to a vario us number of tragedies witnessn byout media.In the movie A clipping to Kill Jake Brigance one of the main characters is a lawyer who decides to defend his African American friend Carl lee(prenominal) after he is charged for killing two Caucasian men who previously raped his 11 year old daughter. The setting of the movie is in a very antiblack community thus when Jake decides to defend Carl the tragedy begins. In the movie Jake encounters many obstacles one of the first of them being when his wife and sister are forced to leave because their safety is not guaranteed in their community anymore.Brigance can simply brush aside the case and have his family stay with him however he decides to stick to what he believes in is right and abandons his family to leave. end-to-end the movie you can keep in line that Jake is becoming very lonely not having his family by his side but he pushes those feelings. At one point in the movie Jake loses his house due to a racist colt also know n as the K. K. K. While Jake is at work the colt decides to burn down his finished house unaware that his hardly family he has left which is his Dog is in there.Once Jake comes home to see that his house is severely damaged he slips into a state of denial and refuses to believe that his only keep company he has left may have died. In the movie scene you can see that Jake is essay so much he begins to doubt himself. Were going to lose this case, Carl lee I want to abstract a plea, maybe Buckley will cop us a second degree murder and we can get you vindicatory keep in prison. Jake could have decided not to defend Carl Lee and to allow any other lawyer do to the job but he refused to accept the fact that the judgeship could allow an eleven year old girl to be victimized and not have any justice served because of the color of her skin.In the book Rome Juliet Romeo and Juliet experience tragedy because of accident and bad luck, the ill-starred fact that Friar Lawrences letter n ever gets to Romeo in Mantua. Miller says that in order to be class as a tragic hero you must be willing to lay down your life in order to keep your dignity and Juliet does this. O happy dagger This is thy sheath there dilapidate and let me die (Juliet).When Juliet does not receive the letter form Friar Lawrence and thinks that Romeo is dead she realizes that in her conflict to get what she wants she has lost and therefore lays down her life for Romeo. This shows that Juliet a child who wasnt royalty suffered just as much as someone with a noble background would suffer if they were going by means of the same issue.I can speak about tragedy and being a common man because at one point in my life Ive experienced it. Last year in grade ten I was diagnosed with a tumor on my thyroid. When the doctors told me I had a tumor on my thyroid they explained to me that they were unsure if it was malignant or not. For two weeks I had to wait for the results during those weeks I had this fear by-line me around and all I could think about was whether I had cancer or not. I went through several tests.After all my results from the test came back the doctor explained to me that my tumor was benign which meant it was not cancerous but the problem was it wouldnt stop growing. It grew to the point it seemed like I had an Adams apple. The only choice I had was to cut out the tumor or take pills which could control it however I would have to take the pills throughout my entire life, the pills were expensive. I decided to get the surgery done instead and I now have this very large scar on my neck.As you can see I also experienced tragedy when I was diagnosed with the benign tumor. Common men can be tragic heroes as well regardless of the reputation or the status they hold. Tragedies are not meant for just people with high positions or everyday people who would read or watch media that had to do with tragedy wouldnt be able to comprehend it. Everyone suffers some type of tragedy in their life which allows us to understand tragedies much better.

Air Forces Northern incident awareness and assessment playbook Essay Example for Free

Air depicts Yankee incident cognisance and assessment playbook EssayEthicsIntroduction The United States Northern Command (USNORTHCOM) is the hero command that is responsible for trade protection and defense. They conduct apology of the Civil authorities through providing capabilities to the DOD, Department of apology from their land, air and sea components in support of the leading federal policies geared towards responding to any homeland security threat. Among the capabilities that the DOD brings to their subprograms is the ISR and IAA. There is no difference between these two terminals only that the term IAA has just been coined by the USNORTHCOM to denote the application of ISR when it is applied domestically to support the homeland security. The ISR operation mainly consist of flying both manned and unmanned platforms which are set to revolve all over the battle field top provide a clear picture of the situation underneath. During the wartime, this picture could admit the location of roads and deposition of the enemy and also the education that may be required so as to tar ram the enemy. ISR provides a clear picture of situational awareness that could not only be use strategically to gain the full picture besides also tactically to gather intelligence information that are useful in engaging individual targets. The situation awareness that is provided by the IAA/ ISR becomes a significant force multiplier which the commanders have been known to highly rely on. There are umteen obstacles to realizing full potential for the ISR in homeland security. Currently in that respect is statutory, doctrine, good and policy obstacles that exist to forbid ISR from reaching their full capacity for the homeland security provision. Improved doctrines will see the department of Defense improve their ability to deliver IAA capabilities to the local, tribal, state and also the federal entities. The consumers all over the uncouth and also the whole worl d will benefit from improved IAA capabilities. The most significant ethical issues come secondarily where IAA capabilities are employed domestically. This is because it is known that all the American citizens enjoy freedoms of privacy, reflexion and they expect this to be fundamental and be respected in the best way possible. The American citizens highly value their freedoms and hence loath ideas that seem to threaten their constitutional protection. In publicizing the use and designing of IAA, I think there is a big ethical consideration in it because the citizens will get to know the function of IAA and how they function. They will not think that their freedoms are being infringed on but know that this is a military operation and that is how they are and should be carried hence in so doing, there will be no blame game between the government and the citizens.ReferenceUSAF. (2007). Air Force doctrine document 2-9 Intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance operations. Washingto n, D.C. United States Air Force.Air Forces Northern. (2010). Air Forces Northern incident awareness and assessment playbook. Tyndall AFB, FL USAF.USNORTHCOM Public Affairs. (2008, September 18). Hurricane response. Retrieved from United States Northern Command http//www.northcom.mil/news/2008/091908I.htmlSource document

Isolationist Policy In The United States (1920’S And 1930’S) Essay Example for Free

Isolationist Policy In The unite States (1920S And 1930S) EssayIsolationism pertains to the exotic insurance that involves two major actions, non-intervention with regards to military actions and protection of economic activities. In the area of non-interventionism, the policy-making leaders are observed to circumvent any(prenominal) coalitions with early(a) countries as thoroughly as any union in warfare and other forms of self-defense activities related to territories. In the area of protectionism, legal barriers are erected in order to regulate any exchanges related to trade and sharing of cultural information with individuals representing other states. The impression of isolationism is often mistaken as a non-interventionist way of thinking or philosophy and intertheme policy associated with liberty, which entails unrestricted trading and traveling between individuals from any part of the world. It is thus best to employ the margin libertarian isolationist as the pol icy of non-intervention or not participating with any activities or not acquiring associated with any political dealing with a foreign country yet still retaining the capability of participating in free trade.The doctrine of non-participation of the join States through the refusal of entering into any form of alliance, agreement or commitment with a foreign country has been observed during different decades. Such isolationist policy is too coupled to the attempts of the United States to instill a sense of self-reliance based on a abiding economy by dedicating efforts of the advancement of the country, in both routes of diplomacy and economics, while maintaining a correspond of placidity by keeping away from any associations with other countries and responsibilities.It is understood that developed countries generally engage in trade relations with other countries in order to expand its labor force as well as raise their standard of living based on the rise of the countrys econ omy. However, the United States is kn knowledge to follow a protectionist policy which entails isolation from any form of engagement with trade relations with other countries. The leaders of the United States believe that such policy is beneficial to the United States, while economists demo the opposite, that such policy is detrimental.Other critics have expressed that since the United States is recognise as the biggest consumer of the world and carries it own rich natural resources, it can identity specific conditions that should be applied to products and services that are brought into the country. This condition is the opposite of the free trade policy, which allows any country to perform any particular action that is recognized to be their expertise, and in turn benefit from the trading of their products.The adoption of the isolationist policy is the declaration of the conditions of a particular country, such as war, crises and uprisings that may originate from other countrie s. The isolationist policy adopted by the United States was mainly due to the do of World War I, the Great Depression and the significant influx of immigrants. The decades of the 1920s and the 1930s were characterized by the isolationist conditions in the United States, wherein there was social seclusion from any form of engagement with countries around the world. The coined attitude, known as the Red Scare, was based on the Sacco and Vanzetti trial.In this setting, Americans gave much focus into instilling tranquility in their homes, more than providing efforts in achieving and instilling peace in other countries. It has been described that the United States adopted the isolationist policy because the country was already exhausted by ball-shaped issues at that prison term. With this in mind, the political leaders of the United States were very anxious in staying away from issues and associated effects of war. This can be observed in the Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928, which stated that war was outlawed as a tool for international policy.In a public address given by Warren G. Harding in the 1920s, it was expressed that a supergovernment is the least of the United States dream and in turn, attention should be given to national issues instead. It was also stated that adopting the isolationist policy is not selfish, but is actually a form of sanctity. The result of the Treaty of Versailles is another example of the adoption of the isolationist policy by the United States in the 1920s and 1930s. In this case, the U. S. Senate did not agree to ratify the Treaty which states that the United States would engage in the League of Nations.The United States refusal to approve this Treaty showed the contempt of the U. S. over concepts of imagelism at the international level, because the United States feels that engaging in this Treaty would eventually lead the country to war. The United States then was actively expressing the war is a transmissible disease which can sp read around the world at a very fast pace. With this stand, the disinterest Acts of 1935, 1936 and 1937 were created, which prevents the re-emergence of ties between the United States and any war actions or policies (Doenecke, 1982). The many faces of isolationism are clearly shown during the 1920s and the 1930s.During these decades, the political and social views and American policy were turned towards isolationism, such as the increasing fear of communism, exhaustion from the idea of war, and the anti-radical hysteria. In the next decades such as the 1950s, these same socialist isolationist views were also evident, but this time the political policy was turned towards and internationalist point of view. Isolationism, however radical in concept, resulted from the circumstances in which it was derived from.ReferenceDoenecke JD (1982) American Isolationism, 1939-1941. Journal of Libertarian Studies, Summer/Fall 6(3)201-216.

National Honor Society Essay Example for Free

National recognise Society judgeBeing nominated to become a ingredient of the National Honor Society is a lastly prestigious honor, and I am very grateful to be a candidate. I feature evermore strove to do the best that I can to achieve the highest grades possible and to stand out amongst my peers. Not single do I focus on my academics, but I strive to be an outstanding supplement to the student body throughout my years here at East Clinton High shoal as well. Getting admitted into the National Honor Society has been one of my goals since I first arrived here at high school, and I have recognized the standards for entry into the organization. I understand that to become an official member of the society, I need to acquire and demonstrate four key characteristics of an ideal National Honor Society member scholarship, leadership, wait on, and character. To my acknowledgment, there are no questionable incidents that could be used to ch on the wholeenge my selection into th e National Honor Society. I sustain a high grade point average of 3. 8 while pleasant in college preparatory classes such as College English, Pre-Calculus, Chemistry, and in a previous year Biology 2.In addition to my current hanging classes, I also take an online college math class that assists me in understand problems in real world situations. Education has been one of my first priorities since childhood, and I plan to further progression in my studies each day. I have in many ways shown my characteristic of scholarship. In addition to my scholastic achievements, I participate in various co-curricular activities that demonstrate my involvement with the school and community. I am a varsity athlete for the sports, tennis and track.This year I, along with my fellow tennis teammates were proud to hand over ourselves as the SBAAC League champions. In addition to that, we concluded the SBCN season with an undefeated title. It was my greatest pleasure to suck in an SBAAC Scholar Athlete award from my tennis coach on the day of the awards ceremony. Spanish fellowship, headed by Mrs. Elizabeth De Leon, is a club that recognizes the Spanish culture and then incorporates the culture into entertaining helper projects. I was one of several(prenominal) members to participate in a successful bake sale that raised just under cc dollars.I was also a member of the schoolchild Council my sophomore year, and together as an organization we successfully provided a wonderful homecoming for the student body. Above all, I was selected by my class advisor to fabricate the junior class as their Treasurer in the Prom Committee. As Treasurer, I am amenable for keeping track of as well as counting the incoming funds that are standard from any fundraisers. In my spare time, I help raise money by volunteering to work at the concession stands for sporting events as well as any fundraiser that is active at the moment.I attend all Prom Committee meetings with an open mind and ready to formulate new ideas for the committee. divulge Club, an supranational organization which provides assistance, is an organization I am proud to represent. I have pledged to uphold the objects of Key Club International since my freshman year to present day. I have participated in many service projects within Key Club. Some projects that I have aided in or with are the Ho Ho Shop, Sabinas Historical Society Museum for Christmas around Sabina, and Highway Clean Up.Moreover, I was honored with the favor to attend a leadership camp held by Kiwanis International in Ashley, Ohio. With the selection from my Key Club advisors, I was able to travel to a 3-day camp that was accompanied by inspiring students from other schools from all over south Ohio. There, I learned the principals of organism a good leader, and also lead groups in assigned projects. At the camp, you were able to find inspired, motivated young adults who were kind and open-hearted. Being surrounded by peers who we re comprised of excellent qualities enabled me to comfortably present myself and my character in an assertive manner.At school, I contribute my service by aiding teachers and students. As a junior, I offered to assist teachers with their work whether it may be grading document or filing their documents. In addition, I was a library helper the first semester of this year. To conclude, my amount of service activity participation has demonstrated that the characteristic, service, is present. Taking on the position of Treasurer and a Student Council member are both examples of my leadership. However, I am a Yearbook Editor in School Publications as well.I am one of twelve yearbook editors that construct the contents of the yearbook. With such a position, it is imperative to attend events in which are in relation to what you were assigned. Being a part of the junior class fundraising and obtaining the position of Treasurer for Prom Committee is admirable. If being in Prom Committee has taught me anything, it is that you have set your priorities and acknowledge your responsibilities and to follow through with them. The Committee has taught me a great deal about being a leader.

Contemporary Developments in Psychology and Counseling Essay Example for Free

Contemporary Developments in psychology and Counseling EssayEvery human behavior includes in an events and activities that a human be show in his lifetime. Humans intelligence and creativeness produced great inventions that prolong human lives and give living on this earth convenient. But at the same time human intelligence acquit produced life threatening inventions that can take away lives at the press of a plainlyton. In otherwise words, men nurtures and protect his fellow human and at the same time destroys them. And so with these, we became curious. Why do people behave the way they do? with these problem we can now enter the world of Psychology. Psychology nowadays is universally defined as the science of scientific study of behavior and mental processes.And downstairs this field of Psychology there ar major areas which are the biopsychology, experimental psychology, developmental and personality psychology, health clinical and counseling psychology and social-ind ustrial-organizational consumer and cross cultural psychology. And under this field we have the cognitive learnedness which assumes that learning results from thinking and other mental processes. cognitive learning grew from a combination of Gestalt psychology and behavioral Psychology. Cognitive Perspective focuses on how a person knows, understands and thinks about his or her environment. The Development of Cognitive development was according to the theory of Jean Piaget a Swiss Psychologist.He states that mental development undergoes different stages from experience until adolescence when a person acquired most of the cognitive functions. Some scientist also made their studies about the so-called Cognitive learning. Like Edward Tolman and Wolfgang Kohler. According to Tolman all organisms are capable of thinking. He believes that organisms takes in the information and use it to hold to its environment. While Kohler experiment on insight of learning. He suggested that cogniti ve processes play an important role in learning. Insights are formed suddenly and transferred immediately to other similar problems. There are two go in the process of cognitive interpretation in emotions.The interpretation of stimuli from the environmentThe interpretation of stimuli from the dust to involuntary arousalAs the first method says it means that individuals are not affected by the events but by the interpretation of the individuals on these situations. While the second method means the interpretation of within the body stimuli resulting to autonomic arousal. Another thing, Psychologists categorizes the diverse fields of Psychology under different models, approaches and perspectives.And these are seven perspectives these are the evolutionary perspective, psychodynamic perspective, behavioral perspective, cognitive perspective, humanistic perspective, biological perspective or neurobiological perspective and neuropsychological perspective. These perspectives help Psycho logists to organize their scientific findings to connect them to theories as they seek for further research.ReferencesGines, Adelaida C. General Psychology. Philippines REX Bookstore, Inc.,2003

My role model Essay Example for Free

My percentage puzzle EssayTo me a role model is someone in my life that has influenced me in a positive way. They help shape the way I am in the present and what I am going to be in the future. They are some one that I buns look in front for advice in a tough situation and I know that they will give me advices with wisdom. They will neer judge me on my past but only look to help because they really do mete out roughly me. Some one who I never sprightliness awkward talking to about my problems because I know that it will not change their view of me and they will not reveal any education about me to other unrelated person or someone who are nosey. A role model should be sincere and not out for there own good but the good of others. I think that they should be older then I am because they need to kick in more association then I do and need to have a deeper insight. It would be pointless to have a role model who knows less then me.Read more My role model essay barely apar t from my parents, , teachers or very best friends like Brian Lee really do care about me a lot, there is nobody should be deserved to have a talk about, or can drag my attraction, or makes me change my personality and reach more achievements. I dont have a real one honestly, but I would be searching for him or her( You must feel surprised that why do I write such a short paragraph this magazine)

Special Education Needs Essay Example for Free

limited(a) cultivation Needs EssayRonald Gulliford and graham flour Upton say that special tuitional needs (SEN) came in use as a result of dissatisfaction The term special educational needs began to come into use in the late 1960s as a result of increasing dissatisfaction with the terminology used in the Handicapped Pupils and nurture Health Service Regulations (1945), which class handicapped sisterren into ten categories according to their primary election(prenominal) handicap. (Gulliford and Upton, 1992).The definition of SEN in the Education Act 1996 is a kidskin has special educational needs. if he has a training difficulty which a medical condition does non necessarily imply a difficulty in learning or a disability and at that placefore whitethorn not constitute a learning difficulty requiring special educational provision. Tomko (1996) delineate inclusion in education as the act of attending regular education classes, with the verifys and services unavo idable to successfully achieve the unmarrieds IEP goals, while actively participating in activities as a member of the class who belongs.The author believes inclusion is a desired state to be achieved, that may or may not occur by simple placement alone. It is an ongoing process. I believe that un little a child has sense of identity with the class, and unless he or she has the pledges and services needed and is reaching his or her IEP goals and so inclusion has not been achieved. 2. 0 AREA CHOSEN The author is currently workings at take aim X, a teach in Malaysia and she finds that an element of provision that possesses a barrier to the learning and participation of nearly rail-age childs in the school is statement admirer.The barrier that is faced by School X in all toldiance with command athletic supporter to support SEN assimilators is training appurtenant in School X do not clearly see their partings and responsibilities. Thus, leave behind they to be abl e to manoeuvre their roles and responsibilities towards SEN school-age childs? too that, teaching promoteant in school X do not rescue the necessary hunch overledge and skills in descri creation and treatment with special(prenominal) educational Needs students. Thus, ordain the teaching assistant(TA) be able to enshroud emergency cases involving SEN students or volition the TA cause a worse situation which may lead to the SEN student being hurt or harmed.The writer chose teaching assistant as an element of provision that possesses a barrier to support SEN and Inclusive education in her school because she personally feels that teaching assistant plays a vital role in dealing with students with SEND. Groom, B. and R. Rose supports the researchers statement that a teacher assistant (TA) plays an fundamental role in supporting pupils with SEN The role of the TA has undergone fewthing of a transformation from the snip when classroom assistants were seen as an extra pair of hands in the classroom to the present day where they be perceived to father a to a bang-uper extent professional role.(Groom, B. and R. Rose, 2005) 3. 0 RESEARCH The writer carried out a few unceremonious interviews with the school supply and among the barriers listed to support SEN students in school X, she finds the barrier of a teacher assistant an raise aspect to research on. The writer was a teacher assistant in school X for a year and she is keen to know how as a teacher assistant she could have assisted SEN students. establish on the writers observation and interview with the school staff, the writer show out that in school X thither is no full- while teacher assistant in all response and primary grades.A school with SEN students requires at least one assistant teacher in all the reception and primary classrooms. The writer personally feels that it is essential for all the reception and primary aim classrooms to have a full time teacher assistant because it may af fect a SEN student if there is a frequent qualifying in the teacher assistant of a classroom. A SEN student may need to adapt to a new TA each time there is a change in the TA of the classroom and this may affect a SEN Childs learning behaviour and attitude in classroom.Thus, the writer strongly believes that in allege to support SEN students, a full time teacher assistant is important. The teachingexpertise (no date) claims that teacher assistant be often required to work with learners who have special educational needs, either individually or in small groups, and are used to sustain see the class material and ensure students stay focused during teaching sessions (teachingexpertise, no date). Thus, if there are no full-time TA in school X, then how is it possible for SEN students to have one to one assistants.Besides that, based on a few informal interviews with teacher assistant in school X, the researcher identified that teacher assistant in school X does not clearly unders tand their roles and responsibilities towards SEN students. Thus, how are the TA in school X able to support SEN students when they are not briefed and explained on their duties and responsibilities? TA in school X too does not know how to identify and assess students with SEN, including gifted, talented and speechless learners.The writer questioned a few TA whether if there were able to exactly proof and identify a SEN student with no assumptions and the writer received a negative response for her question. TAs in school X do not have the necessary knowledge and skills in handling with Special educational Needs and baulk student. The TAs in the school are neither receiving any(prenominal) special educational needs training so that they evict augment the classroom teacher in inclusive education. In addition, TAs are not nominated with baseal support to become more useful in practising inclusive education.According to Adults Supporting Pupils with SEN, teacher assistant will have more or less typical duties Maintaining an up to date file on individual pupil(s) In high schools, ensuring that individual education plans (IEPs) are circulated/brought to the forethought of subject/form tutors change to group/individual education plans from knowledge of the childs/ unripe persons progress Helping to gain the childs/young persons view of the IEP Collating relevant information from any opposite assistants who work with that pupil Contributing to the Annual Review process. Attending the Annual Review meeting Involvement in target circumstance for the pupil in line with the aims of the IEP. (Adults Supporting Pupils with SEN, 2004) TAs in school X are not provided with any policy on their duties and responsibilities in supporting SEN students. Thus after much research, the writer feels that school X should have a policy on TAs role in Supporting SEN and Disability. 4. 0 CONCLUSION School X provides the teacher trainees with continuous professional dev elopments (CPDs) training formerly a week.The topic discussed during CPDs are usually on how to make a more effective IB environment classroom, teaching strategies and approaches and International Baccalaureate (IB) related topics. According to teaching expertise, CPD is strategically focused and corporate with performance management and school improvement, to raise standards of teaching and learning. Thus, it would be better if SEN and Inclusion is discussed during CPDs, so that teacher assistant can become more effective in practising inclusive education.Besides that, TAs should be equipped with the knowledge and skills in handling with Special Educational Needs and Disability students. A TA should be provided with sufficient guidance on how to identify students with SEND, including gifted, talented and slow learners. School X should take full responsibility of providing TAs employed with sufficient knowledge on SEN and Inclusion before placing them in a classroom. School X sho uld as well employ full time teacher assistant not only for the creche and reception but also for the primary grades in order to support SEN students.The writer believes that if School X was to look into the aspect of teacher assistant and provides the holy teacher assistant with the training on SEN and Inclusion, TA would not be a barrier to the learning and participant of SEN students in the school. PART 2 TITLE Part 2 Critical Reflection A critical reflection on the barrier(s) to learning and provision identified in Part 1. This should explore the strengths and weaknesses of a particular aspect of provision and an analysis of its implications for practice both at institutional and individual levels.This will be informed by literature (research, legislation, policy documentation) and your own evidence. 1. 0 INTRODUCTION The Special Educational Needs Code of Practice (2001) published by the Department for Education states that children have special educational needs if they have a learning difficulty which calls for special educational needs provision to be do for them. The writer strongly supports the statement as she personally feels a child should not be labeled as a Special Educational Need (SEN) student if he or she does not have a learning difficulty which a SEN term needs to be named for them.Teacher assistants (TA) are supporters of a class teacher or homeroom teacher who works under a teachers supervision to give students additional attention and instruction (BLS, 2012). A TA plays several roles in an institution Provide extra assistance to students with special needs, such as non-English-speaking students or those with physical and mental disabilities. wangle students in classrooms, halls, cafeterias, school yards, and gymnasiums, or on field trips. Tutor and assist children individually or in small groups to ease them master assignments and to reinforce learning concepts presented by teachers. Enforce administration policies and rules gove rning students. dispute assigned duties with classroom teachers to coordinate instructional efforts. Instruct and monitor students in the use and care of equipment and materials to resist injuries and damage. Observe students performance, and record relevant data to assess progress. Present subject matter to students under the style and guidance of teachers, using lectures, discussions, or supervised role-playing methods. Prepare lesson materials, bulletin board displays, exhibits, equipment, and demonstrations. Organize and supervise games and new(prenominal) recreational activities to promote physical, mental, and social development (BLS, 2012) The writer agrees to the tasks of a teacher assistant as utter in (BLS, 2012), teacher assistant should be able to provide support and protagonist to a student who is categorized as SEN. Thus, a school with SEN students will need teacher assistant in order to support the classroom teacher and the student. The writer is currently teaching Visual Arts for Grade 1 students and on her free periods she assists and observes Reception students at School X, a school in Malaysia.Based on the writers observation throughout her experience working in School X, she finds teaching assistant as an element of provision that possesses a barrier to the learning and participation of some students Teaching assistant is a barrier in school X because there are lack of teaching assistant to support SEN students. Teaching assistant who are present in school does not clearly understand the roles and responsibilities that they play for the school, teachers and students. Thus, teaching assistant in school X is unable to play their roles towards SEN students.In addition, teaching assistant in school X does not have the necessary skills and knowledge in identifying and handling SEN students. Thus, how are they going to be able to identify or split up a student as SEN student, gifted or talented student? A wrong assumption on a student can lead to a great contact on his education. The writer chose teaching assistant as the barrier lacking in school X to support SEN students because she is very much keen to know how she as a teaching assistant can support and assist SEN students. 2. 0 STRENGTHS OF HAVING instructor protagonist IN SUPPORTING SEN LEARNERSThe writer was a TA in school X for more than a year and based on her observation her beliefs that there are several strengths in having a teaching assistant to support SEN learners. First of all, a TA would be a great aid in one to one guidance for SEN learners. A homeroom teacher will not be able to handle a classroom with SEN students all alone without support from additional staff. A TA plays the role to help the homeroom teacher in handling a group of students in the classroom while the homeroom teacher will handle the sojourn of the students.SEN learners seek for a person whom they are comfortable with or could rely on to request or say a thing. A teacher will not remain in classroom for the whole shoal hours. An average of three to five teachers would enter a classroom per day. Thus, A TA will be the person that a SEN student would look forward for any help or assistance as a TA usually will spend more schooling hours with students compared to any teachers. Besides that, a teacher needs to have a detail observation of the steps or moves taken by a SEN student as every of their movement is meaningful.It is impossible for a teacher to observe and record all the SEN learners progress by themselves. Thus, A TA will be needed to support the teacher and also observe students. A TA observation will provide a teacher with additional feedback on a SEN student progress. It would seem to follow from reports of teachers that assigning support staff to particular pupils, usually those with problems of learning, behaviour or attention, would give the pupils more individual attention and help them develop sanction and motivation in their work, good working habits and the willingness to finish off tasks (Blatchford et al., 2009a).It is a valid solution to have a teacher assistant in supporting SEN learners as the teacher can then attend to the rest of the class without interruption. This is a productive arrangement for teachers and seems also to be having a positive effect in terms of pupil engagement, classroom control, and measures of confidence, motivation, independence, and good relationships with other pupils (Blatchford et al. , 2009a). 3. 0 WEAKNESSES OF HAVING TEACHER ASSISTANT IN SUPPORTING SEN LEARNERS The writer beliefs that having a TA in the classroom does have its weaknesses too.The writers belief is supported by TeachingTimes (No Date) where it states that a new report from the set of Education proofed those students from primary and auxiliary level whom receives supports from teaching assistant, show less progress than a student of the similar ability. Finn, Gerber, Farber, and Achilles (2000), on the ba sis of data from the often cited Tennessee STAR project, found that there was no compensatory effect of having extra staff in larger (regular) classes, a result similar to that of Reynolds and Muijs (2003).Klassen (2001) found that students with SEN who were assigned additional support for literacy made less progress than their unsupported peers. Giangreco et al. , in a serial publication of publications, have argued that overreliance on one-to-one paraprofessional supports leads to a wide range of detrimental effects on pupils (e. g. , Giangreco et al. , 2005) Schlapp et al. (2003) identify the benefits of classroom assistants more in terms of the range of learning experiences provided and effects on pupil motivation, confidence and self esteem, and found less effect on pupil progress.On the other hand there is a well established concern that TAs can encourage dependency, e. g. , because they prioritise outcomes of activities rather than encouraging pupils to hark back for themsel ves (Moyles and Sushitsky, 1997).There are also concerns that support staff can have negative effects on pupils learning identity, e. g. , in terms of interference with ownership and responsibility, separation from classmates (Giangreco et al. , 1997).ofsted (2004) suggest that TAs may be less likely to stress understanding and skills and This was common reason why a significant number of pupils with SEN made too little progress, despite good teaching to the majority of the class (2004, p16).4. 0 IMPLICATION OF HAVING principle ASSISTANT AT INSTITUTIONAL LEVEL A TA does not only guide and assist SEN students in classroom or a teacher in reducing her workload, a TA also needs to play his or her roles and responsibilities towards the school. There are many tasks that a TA can play in an institute in order to aid the school staffs and support the development of the school.On the other hand, the school should also clearly understand the roles and responsibilities that a TA can play in the school and not overload them with additional task where it results in a TA being unable to process his or her task as a teaching assistant in the classroom. One of the tasks that a TA can do at institutional level is to help the school staffs in decorating and creating an environment in connection to an upcoming event or festival. The writer as a TA has supported the school by decorating the school for festival such as Chinese New Year and Deepavali.The writer has also decorated the school for an environment of Celebration of Learning (COL). COL in school X nub a celebration where its students oriented as parents are invited to view and observe students work and progress. The writer has decorated the school for exhibition purposes too where parents and invited guest are welcomed to the school. Besides that, the writer as a TA has helped the school in making events a successful one. The writer has come to school after working hours for special occasions in order to ensure the task allocated to her is completed.Duties which she has done as a school staff in school X are gate duty and ushering parents to specified allocations on names Day. 5. 0 IMPLICATION OF HAVING TEACHING ASSISTANT AT INDIVIDUAL LEVEL The impact of having a teacher assistant at individual level is countless. There are good and bad of having a teacher assistant to support SEN learners. The good impact of having a teacher assistant at individual level is a SEN learner will be able to receive one to one attention and guidance from teaching assistant.Thus, an individual will be able to progress at a straightaway rate and catch up to the pace of rest of the students in the classroom in a shorter period. The writer was assisting for a year in Grade 1 and based on her personal observation and some research, she and her homeroom teacher identified a SEN learner in the classroom. They did not label the child or avoid the child from participating in several activities conducted in the classroo m as they did not want to classify the child into any terms.The writer and the homeroom teacher believed that if they were to provide the child with additional guidance and support, they child would sure as shooting show progress and improvement. Additional guidance and support was provided by the writer as the homeroom teacher handled the rest of the students. The writer assisted the student by breaking down task given by the teachers into smaller instruction and instructing the child using a simple terms including more of body language for the student to understand the instruction.The writer and the homeroom teacher succeeded in their hard work of making the student to progress as towards the end of the term, the child showed improvement in communication skills and writing skills. On the other hand, a teaching assistant can be harmful to a SEN learner if there are not alter with the essential knowledge and skills in identifying, assisting and guiding a SEN learner. Thus, to pla ce a teaching assistant with skimpy knowledge on SEN would affect the academic progress and development of a SEN learner. 6. 0 CONCLUSION.In a nutshell, teaching assistant has many roles and responsibilities to be played not only at individual level but also at institutional level. A teaching assistant should clearly understand their roles and responsibilities before playing their roles as a misunderstanding in their task would create a great impact to the school and also students. The writer feels that in supporting and assisting SEN learners, a teaching assistants main aim is to assist the SEN learner with the objective and aim of showing and proving a progressive development of a SEN learner and not focusing on the completion of task.The writer as an individual who has experienced being a teaching assistant personally and strongly beliefs that a TA should not be misapply and given additional task which results in TA being unable to fully do his or her roles and responsibilities towards the students. A TAs main focus should be towards assisting students and not school work. The writer beliefs that if a TA is provided with all the necessary knowledge and skills n identifying SEN learners, a TA would be a great help in supporting, assisting and guiding SEN students towards the right path. BIBILIOGRAPHY A ND REFERENCING.Adults Supporting Pupils with SEN, (2004) The role of the Assistant, Available at http//www. wakefield. gov. uk/NR/rdonlyres/D391ED9E-2BE4-4CC5-829F-953C07157DFB/0/Adults_Supporting, (accessed 03/10/2012) Blatchford, P. , Bassett, P. , Brown, P. , et al. (2009a) The impact of support staff in schools, Deployment and Impact of Support Staff (DISS) Project. (Strand 2 Wave 2), DCSF Research Report 148 (London, Department for Children, Schools and Families), Available at http//www. ioe. ac. uk/DISS_Strand_2_Wave_2_Report. pdf, (accessed 29/10/12) Bureau of take Statistics, U. S.Department of Labor, (2012) Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2012-13 Edi tion, Teacher Assistants, Available at http//www. bls. gov/ooh/education-training-and-library/teacher-assistants. htm, (accessed 29/10/12) Department for Education and Skills, (2001) Special Educational Needs Code of Practice, DfES0581, London DfES Publications, Available at https//www. education. gov. uk/publications/standard/publicationDetail/Page1/DfES%200581%202001downloadableparts, (accessed 29/10/12) Education Act 1996, Chapter 56, (1996) London HMSO, Available at http//planipolis. iiep. unesco. org/upload/Malaysia/Malaysia_Education_Act_1996.pdf, (accessed 03/10/2012) Finn,J. D. , Gerber, S. B. , Farber, S. L. Achilles, C. M. (2000) Teacher aides an alternate(a) to small classes? in M. C. Wang J. D. Finn (Eds) How small classes help teachers do their best (Philadelphia, PA, Temple University Center for Research in Human Development), Available at http//psycnet. apa. org/journals/edu/97/3/454/, (accessed 30/10/2012) Giangreco, M. F. , Edelman, S. , Luiselli, T. E. MacFarla nd, S. Z. C. (1997) Helping or hovering? effects of instructional assistant proximity on students with disabilities, majestic Children, 64, pp. 7-18, Available at maureenmcquiggan.com/files/Helping_or_Hovering. pdf, (accessed 30/10/2012) Giangreco, M. F. , Yuan, S. , Mackenzie, B. , Cameron, B. Fialka, J. (2005) Be careful want you wish for Five reasons to be concerned about the assignment of individual paraprofessionals, Exceptional Children, 37(5), pp 28-34, Available at http//www. uvm. edu/cdci/parasupport/reviews/giangreco37-5. pdf, (accessed 30/10/2012) Groom, B. and R. Rose, (2005), Supporting the inclusion of pupils with social, emotional and behavioural difficulties in the primary school the role of teaching assistants, in Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs, 5, (1) pp.2030, Available at http//onlinelibrary. wiley. com/doi/10. 1111/j. 1471-3802. 2005. 00035. x/full, (accessed 03/10/2012) Gulliford, R. G. Upton, (ed. ) (1992) Special Educational Needs, Londo n Routledge, Available at http//books. google. com. my/books? id=InjfpvVYbSECpg=PA218lpg=PP1ots=OrRgxw8lBddq=special+educational+needs, (accessed 03/10/2012) Klassen, R. (2001). After the statement Reading progress made by secondary students with specific literacy difficulty provision, Educational Psychology in Practice, 17(2), pp121 133, Available at http//www. schoolsupportstaff.net/publications/otherpubs/aera_paper. pdf , (accessed 30/10/2012) Moyles, J. Suschitzky, W. (1997) The employment and deployment of classroom support staff head teachers perspectives, Research in Education, 58, pp21-34, Available at http//www. uwl. ac. uk/files/ ingrain/SoTL%20Abstracts%202010. pdf, (accessed 30/10/2012) smudge for Standards in Education (2004) Remodelling the school workforce Phase 1 (London, Office for Standards in Education), Available at www. ofsted. gov. uk/resources/remodelling-school-workforce-phase-, (accessed 30/10/2012) Reynolds, D. Muijs, D.(2003) The Effectiveness of the u se of learning support assistants in improving the mathematics achievement of low achieving pupils in primary school, Educational Research, 45(3), pp219-230, Available at http//www. fisme. science. uu. nl/staff/christianb/downloads/p1-11759185. pdf, (accessed 30/10/2012) Schlapp, U. , Davidson, J. Wilson, V. (2003) An extra pair of hands? managing classroom assistants in Scottish primary schools, Educational Management and Administration, 31(2), pp189-205, Available at www. edupa. uva. es/schemesofwork/research/themes/teaching_assistants/WedFeb181416312004/wordfile.doc, (accessed 30/10/2012) Teachingexpertise, (no date) An introduction to CPD, Available at http//www. teachingexpertise. com/articles/cpd-teaching-profession_252, (accessed 03/10/2012) Teachingexpertise, (no date) Meeting the needs of SEN students, Available at http//www. teachingexpertise. com/articles/meeting-the-needs-of-sen-students-1907, (accessed 03/10/2012) TeachingTimes, (no date) Pupils Using Teaching Assistan ts Make little Progress, Available at http//www. teachingtimes. com/articles/teaching-assistants-less-progress. htm,